print {base} | R Documentation |
print
prints its argument and returns it invisibly (via
invisible(x)
). It is a generic function which means that
new printing methods can be easily added for new
class
es.
print(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'factor': print(x, quote = FALSE, max.levels = NULL, width = getOption("width"), ...) ## S3 method for class 'table': print(x, digits = getOption("digits"), quote = FALSE, na.print = "", zero.print = "0", justify = "none", ...)
x |
an object used to select a method. |
... |
further arguments passed to or from other methods. |
quote |
logical, indicating whether or not strings should be printed with surrounding quotes. |
max.levels |
integer, indicating how many levels should be
printed for a factor; if 0 , no extra "Levels" line will be
printed. The default, NULL , entails choosing max.levels
such that the levels print on one line of width width . |
width |
only used when max.levels is NULL, see above. |
digits |
minimal number of significant digits, see
print.default . |
na.print |
character string (or NULL ) indicating
NA values in printed output, see
print.default . |
zero.print |
character specifying how zeros (0 ) should be
printed; for sparse tables, using "." can produce stronger results. |
justify |
character indicating if strings should left- or
right-justified or left alone, passed to format . |
The default method, print.default
has its own help page.
Use methods("print")
to get all the methods for the
print
generic.
print.factor
allows some customization and is used for printing
ordered
factors as well.
print.table
for printing table
s allows other
customization.
See noquote
as an example of a class whose main
purpose is a specific print
method.
Chambers, J. M. and Hastie, T. J. (1992) Statistical Models in S. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
The default method print.default
, and help for the
methods above; further options
, noquote
.
For more customizable (but cumbersome) printing, see
cat
, format
or also write
.
ts(1:20)#-- print is the "Default function" --> print.ts(.) is called rr <- for(i in 1:3) print(1:i) rr ## Printing of factors attenu$station ## 117 levels -> `max.levels' depending on width ## ordered factors: levels "l1 < l2 < .." esoph$agegp[1:12] esoph$alcgp[1:12] ## Printing of sparse (contingency) tables set.seed(521) t1 <- round(abs(rt(200, df=1.8))) t2 <- round(abs(rt(200, df=1.4))) table(t1,t2) # simple print(table(t1,t2), zero.print = ".")# nicer to read