| list {base} | R Documentation |
Functions to construct, coerce and check for all kinds of R lists.
list(...) pairlist(...) as.list(x, ...) as.pairlist(x) as.list.environment(x, all.names=FALSE, ...) is.list(x) is.pairlist(x) alist(...)
... |
objects. |
x |
object to be coerced or tested. |
all.names |
a logical indicating whether to copy all values in
as.list.environment/ |
Most lists in R internally are Generic Vectors, whereas traditional dotted pair lists (as in LISP) are still available.
The arguments to list or pairlist are of the form
value or tag=value.
The functions return a list composed of its arguments
with each value either tagged or untagged,
depending on how the argument was specified.
alist is like list, except in the handling of tagged
arguments with no value. These are handled as if they described
function arguments with no default (cf. formals), whereas
list simply ignores them.
as.list attempts to coerce its argument to list type.
For functions, this returns the concatenation of the list of formals
arguments and the function body. For expressions, the list of
constituent calls is returned.
is.list returns TRUE iff its argument
is a list or a pairlist of length > 0.
is.pairlist returns TRUE iff the argument is a pairlist
or NULL (see below).
is.list and is.pairlist are generic: you can write
methods to handle specific classes of objects, see InternalMethods.
as.list.environment copies the named values from an environment
to a list. The user can request that all named objects are copied
(normally names that begin with a dot are not). The output is not
sorted and no parent environments are searched.
An empty pairlist, pairlist() is the same as NULL. This
is different from list().
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
vector("list", length) for creation of a list with empty
components; c, for concatenation; formals.
# create a plotting structure
pts <- list(x=cars[,1], y=cars[,2])
plot(pts)
## "pre-allocate" an empty list of length 5
vector("list", 5)
# Argument lists
f <- function()x
# Note the specification of a "..." argument:
formals(f) <- al <- alist(x=, y=2, ...=)
f
al
## environment->list coercion
e1 <- new.env()
e1$a <- 10
e1$b <- 20
as.list(e1)