chartr {base} | R Documentation |
Translate characters in character vectors, in particular from upper to lower case or vice versa.
chartr(old, new, x) tolower(x) toupper(x) casefold(x, upper = FALSE)
x |
a character vector. |
old |
a character string specifying the characters to be translated. |
new |
a character string specifying the translations. |
upper |
logical: translate to upper or lower case?. |
chartr
translates each character in x
that is specified
in old
to the corresponding character specified in new
.
Ranges are supported in the specifications, but character classes and
repeated characters are not. If old
contains more characters
than new, an error is signaled; if it contains fewer characters, the
extra characters at the end of new
are ignored.
tolower
and toupper
convert upper-case characters in a
character vector to lower-case, or vice versa. Non-alphabetic
characters are left unchanged.
casefold
is a wrapper for tolower
and toupper
provided for compatibility with S-PLUS.
sub
and gsub
for other
substitutions in strings.
x <- "MiXeD cAsE 123" chartr("iXs", "why", x) chartr("a-cX", "D-Fw", x) tolower(x) toupper(x) ## "Mixed Case" Capitalizing - toupper( every first letter of a word ) : .simpleCap <- function(x) { s <- strsplit(x, " ")[[1]] paste(toupper(substring(s, 1,1)), substring(s, 2), sep="", collapse=" ") } .simpleCap("the quick red fox jumps over the lazy brown dog") ## -> [1] "The Quick Red Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Brown Dog" ## and the better, more sophisticated version: capwords <- function(s, strict = FALSE) { cap <- function(s) paste(toupper(substring(s,1,1)), {s <- substring(s,2); if(strict) tolower(s) else s}, sep = "", collapse = " " ) sapply(strsplit(s, split = " "), cap, USE.NAMES = !is.null(names(s))) } capwords(c("using AIC for model selection")) ## -> [1] "Using AIC For Model Selection" capwords(c("using AIC", "for MODEL selection"), strict=TRUE) ## -> [1] "Using Aic" "For Model Selection" ## ^^^ ^^^^^ ## 'bad' 'good'