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Book III   Proposition 23
Then, since the segment ACB is similar to the segment ADB, and similar segments of circles are those which admit equal angles, [III.Def.11]
    the angle ACB is equal to the angle ADB,
the exterior to the interior: which is impossible. [I.16]

Therefore
    on the same straight line AB the cannot be constructed two similar and unequal segments segments of circles ACB, ADB, on the same side.

Being what it was required to prove.
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