| histogram {lattice} | R Documentation |
Draw Histograms and Kernel Density Plots, possibly conditioned on other variables.
histogram(x, ...)
densityplot(x, ...)
## S3 method for class 'formula':
histogram(x,
data = parent.frame(),
allow.multiple, outer = TRUE,
auto.key = FALSE,
aspect = "fill",
panel = "panel.histogram",
prepanel, scales, strip, groups,
xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim,
type = c("percent", "count", "density"),
nint = if (is.factor(x)) length(levels(x))
else round(log2(length(x)) + 1),
endpoints = extend.limits(range(x, finite = TRUE), prop = 0.04),
breaks = if (is.factor(x)) seq(0.5, length = length(levels(x))+1)
else do.breaks(endpoints, nint),
equal.widths = TRUE,
drop.unused.levels = lattice.getOption("drop.unused.levels"),
...,
default.scales = list(),
subscripts,
subset)
## S3 method for class 'numeric':
histogram(x, data, xlab, ...)
## S3 method for class 'factor':
histogram(x, data, xlab, ...)
## S3 method for class 'formula':
densityplot(x,
data = parent.frame(),
allow.multiple = is.null(groups) || outer,
outer = !is.null(groups),
auto.key = FALSE,
aspect = "fill",
panel = if (is.null(groups)) "panel.densityplot" else "panel.superpose",
prepanel, scales, strip, groups,
xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim,
bw, adjust, kernel, window, width, give.Rkern,
n = 50, from, to, cut, na.rm,
drop.unused.levels = lattice.getOption("drop.unused.levels"),
...,
default.scales = list(),
panel.groups = "panel.densityplot",
subscripts,
subset)
## S3 method for class 'numeric':
densityplot(x, data, xlab, ...)
do.breaks(endpoints, nint)
x |
The object on which method dispatch is carried out.
For the formula method, a formula of the form ~ x | g1
* g2 * ... indicates that histograms or Kernel Density
estimates of x should be produced conditioned on the levels
of the (optional) variables g1, g2, .... x can be
numeric (or factor for histogram), and each of g1, g2,
... must be either factors or shingles.
As a special case, the right hand side of the formula can contain more than one variable separated by a + sign. What happens in
this case is described in details in the documentation for
xyplot. Note that in either form, all the variables
involved in the formula have to have same length.
For the numeric and factor methods, x
replaces the x vector described above. Conditioning is not
allowed in these cases.
|
data |
For the formula method, an optional data frame in which
variables are to be evaluated. Ignored with a warning in other
cases.
|
type |
Character string indicating type of histogram to be drawn.
"percent" and "count" give relative frequency
and frequency histograms, and can be misleading when breakpoints are
not equally spaced. "density" produces a density scale
histogram.
type defaults to "percent", except when the
breakpoints are unequally spaced or breaks = NULL, when it
defaults to "density".
|
nint |
Number of bins. Applies only when breaks is unspecified in
the call.
|
endpoints |
vector of length 2 indicating the range of x-values that is to be
covered by the histogram. Again, applies only when breaks is
unspecified. In do.breaks, this specifies the interval that
is to be divided up.
|
breaks |
numeric vector of length = (number of bins + 1)
defining the breakpoints of the bins. Note that when breakpoints are
not equally spaced, the only value of type that makes sense
is density.
Usually all panels use the same breakpoints. This can be changed by specifying breaks = NULL. This has the effect of letting each
panel choose its own breakpoints. The choice of these breakpoints
are made as follows: The number of bins is calculated by the formula
for nint above, and then breakpoints are chosen according to
the value of equal.widths.
|
equal.widths |
logical, relevant only when breaks=NULL.
If TRUE, equally spaced bins will be selected, otherwise,
approximately equal area bins will be selected (this would mean that
the breakpoints will not be equally spaced).
|
n |
number of points at which density is to be evaluated |
panel |
The function that uses the packet (subset of display variables) corresponding to a panel to create a display. Default panel functions are documented separately, and often have arguments that can be used to customize its display in various ways. Such arguments can usually be directly supplied to the high level function. |
panel.groups |
function used as the panel.groups argument
when panel.superpose is used as the panel function, which
happens by default when groups is non-null. |
allow.multiple, outer, auto.key, aspect, prepanel, scales,
strip, groups, xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim, drop.unused.levels,
default.scales, subscripts, subset |
See xyplot |
bw, adjust, kernel, window, width, give.Rkern, from, to, cut,
na.rm |
arguments to density, passed on as appropriate
|
... |
Further arguments. See corresponding entry in
xyplot for non-trivial details. |
histogram draws Conditional Histograms, while
densityplot draws Conditional Kernel Density Plots. The
density estimate in densityplot is actually calculated using
the function density, and all arguments accepted by it can be
passed (as ...) in the call to densityplot to control
the output. See documentation of density for details. (Note:
The default value of the argument n of density is
changed to 50.)
These and all other high level Trellis functions have several
arguments in common. These are extensively documented only in the
help page for xyplot, which should be consulted to learn more
detailed usage.
do.breaks is an utility function that calculates breakpoints
given an interval and the number of pieces to break it into.
An object of class "trellis". The
update method can be used to
update components of the object and the
print method (usually called by
default) will plot it on an appropriate plotting device.
The form of the arguments accepted by the default panel function
panel.histogram is different from that in S-PLUS. Whereas
S-PLUS calculates the heights inside histogram and passes only
the breakpoints and the heights to the panel function, here the
original variable x is passed along with the breakpoints. This
allows plots as in the second example below.
Deepayan Sarkar Deepayan.Sarkar@R-project.org
xyplot,
panel.histogram,
density,
panel.densityplot,
panel.mathdensity,
Lattice
require(stats)
histogram( ~ height | voice.part, data = singer, nint = 17,
endpoints = c(59.5, 76.5), layout = c(2,4), aspect = 1,
xlab = "Height (inches)")
histogram( ~ height | voice.part, data = singer,
xlab = "Height (inches)", type = "density",
panel = function(x, ...) {
panel.histogram(x, ...)
panel.mathdensity(dmath = dnorm, col = "black",
args = list(mean=mean(x),sd=sd(x)))
} )
densityplot( ~ height | voice.part, data = singer, layout = c(2, 4),
xlab = "Height (inches)", bw = 5)