| legend {graphics} | R Documentation |
This function can be used to add legends to plots. Note that a call
to the function locator(1) can be used in place of the x
and y arguments.
legend(x, y = NULL, legend, fill = NULL, col = "black",
lty, lwd, pch,
angle = 45, density = NULL, bty = "o", bg = par("bg"),
pt.bg = NA, cex = 1, pt.cex = cex, pt.lwd = lwd,
xjust = 0, yjust = 1, x.intersp = 1, y.intersp = 1,
adj = c(0, 0.5), text.width = NULL, text.col = par("col"),
merge = do.lines && has.pch, trace = FALSE,
plot = TRUE, ncol = 1, horiz = FALSE, title = NULL,
inset = 0)
x, y |
the x and y co-ordinates to be used to position the legend.
They can be specified by keyword or in any way which is accepted by
xy.coords: See Details. |
legend |
a vector of text values or an expression
of length >= 1, or a call (as resulting
from substitute) to appear in the legend. |
fill |
if specified, this argument will cause boxes filled with the specified colors (or shaded in the specified colors) to appear beside the legend text. |
col |
the color of points or lines appearing in the legend. |
lty,lwd |
the line types and widths for lines appearing in the legend. One of these two must be specified for line drawing. |
pch |
the plotting symbols appearing in the legend, either as vector of 1-character strings, or one (multi character) string. Must be specified for symbol drawing. |
angle |
angle of shading lines. |
density |
the density of shading lines, if numeric and
positive. If NULL or negative or NA color filling
is assumed. |
bty |
the type of box to be drawn around the legend. The allowed
values are "o" (the default) and "n". |
bg |
the background color for the legend box. (Note that this is
only used if bty != "n".) |
pt.bg |
the background color for the points,
corresponding to its argument bg. |
cex |
character expansion factor relative to current
par("cex"). |
pt.cex |
expansion factor(s) for the points. |
pt.lwd |
line width for the points, defaults to the one for lines. |
xjust |
how the legend is to be justified relative to the legend x location. A value of 0 means left justified, 0.5 means centered and 1 means right justified. |
yjust |
the same as xjust for the legend y location. |
x.intersp |
character interspacing factor for horizontal (x) spacing. |
y.intersp |
the same for vertical (y) line distances. |
adj |
numeric of length 1 or 2; the string adjustment for legend
text. Useful for y-adjustment when labels are
plotmath expressions. |
text.width |
the width of the legend text in x ("user")
coordinates.
Defaults to the proper value computed by strwidth(legend). |
text.col |
the color used for the legend text. |
merge |
logical; if TRUE, “merge” points and lines but
not filled boxes. Defaults to TRUE if there are points and lines. |
trace |
logical; if TRUE, shows how legend does all
its magical computations. |
plot |
logical. If FALSE, nothing is plotted but the
sizes are returned. |
ncol |
the number of columns in which to set the legend items (default is 1, a vertical legend). |
horiz |
logical; if TRUE, set the legend horizontally
rather than vertically (specifying horiz overrides the ncol
specification). |
title |
a text value giving a title to be placed at the top of the legend. |
inset |
inset distance(s) from the margins as a fraction of the plot region when legend is placed by keyword. |
Arguments x, y, legend are interpreted in a non-standard way to
allow the coordinates to be specified via one or two arguments.
If legend is missing and y is not numeric, it is assumed
that the second argument is intended to be legend and that the
first argument specifies the coordinates.
The coordinates can be specified in any way which is accepted by
xy.coords. If this gives the coordinates of one point,
it is used as the top-left coordinate of the rectangle containing the
legend. If it gives the coordinates of two points, these specify
opposite corners of the rectangle (either pair of corners, in any
order).
The location may also be specified by setting x to a single
keyword from the list "bottomright", "bottom",
"bottomleft", "left", "topleft",
"top", "topright", "right" and
"center". This places the legend on the inside of the plot
frame at the given location. Partial argument matching is used. The
optional inset argument specifies how far the legend is inset
from the plot margins. If a single value is given, it is used for
both margins; if two values are given, the first is used for x-
distance, the second for y-distance.
“Attribute” arguments such as col, pch, lty,
etc, are recycled if necessary. merge is not.
Points are drawn after lines in order that they can cover the
line with their background color pt.bg, if applicable.
See the examples for how to right-justify labels.
A list with list components
rect |
a list with components
|
text |
a list with components
|
returned invisibly.
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
plot, barplot which uses legend(), and
text for more examples of math expressions.
## Run the example in '?matplot' or the following:
leg.txt <- c("Setosa Petals", "Setosa Sepals",
"Versicolor Petals", "Versicolor Sepals")
y.leg <- c(4.5, 3, 2.1, 1.4, .7)
cexv <- c(1.2, 1, 4/5, 2/3, 1/2)
matplot(c(1,8), c(0,4.5), type = "n", xlab = "Length", ylab = "Width",
main = "Petal and Sepal Dimensions in Iris Blossoms")
for (i in seq(cexv)) {
text (1, y.leg[i]-.1, paste("cex=",formatC(cexv[i])), cex=.8, adj = 0)
legend(3, y.leg[i], leg.txt, pch = "sSvV", col = c(1, 3), cex = cexv[i])
}
## 'merge = TRUE' for merging lines & points:
x <- seq(-pi, pi, len = 65)
plot(x, sin(x), type = "l", ylim = c(-1.2, 1.8), col = 3, lty = 2)
points(x, cos(x), pch = 3, col = 4)
lines(x, tan(x), type = "b", lty = 1, pch = 4, col = 6)
title("legend(..., lty = c(2, -1, 1), pch = c(-1,3,4), merge = TRUE)",
cex.main = 1.1)
legend(-1, 1.9, c("sin", "cos", "tan"), col = c(3,4,6), text.col= "green4",
lty = c(2, -1, 1), pch = c(-1, 3, 4), merge = TRUE, bg='gray90')
## right-justifying a set of labels: thanks to Uwe Ligges
x <- 1:5; y1 <- 1/x; y2 <- 2/x
plot(rep(x, 2), c(y1, y2), type="n", xlab="x", ylab="y")
lines(x, y1); lines(x, y2, lty=2)
temp <- legend("topright", legend = c(" ", " "),
text.width = strwidth("1,000,000"),
lty = 1:2, xjust = 1, yjust = 1,
title = "Line Types")
text(temp$rect$left + temp$rect$w, temp$text$y,
c("1,000", "1,000,000"), pos=2)
##--- log scaled Examples ------------------------------
leg.txt <- c("a one", "a two")
par(mfrow = c(2,2))
for(ll in c("","x","y","xy")) {
plot(2:10, log=ll, main=paste("log = '",ll,"'", sep=""))
abline(1,1)
lines(2:3,3:4, col=2) #
points(2,2, col=3) #
rect(2,3,3,2, col=4)
text(c(3,3),2:3, c("rect(2,3,3,2, col=4)",
"text(c(3,3),2:3,\"c(rect(...)\")"), adj = c(0,.3))
legend(list(x=2,y=8), legend = leg.txt, col=2:3, pch=1:2,
lty=1, merge=TRUE)#, trace=TRUE)
}
par(mfrow=c(1,1))
##-- Math expressions: ------------------------------
x <- seq(-pi, pi, len = 65)
plot(x, sin(x), type="l", col = 2, xlab = expression(phi),
ylab = expression(f(phi)))
abline(h=-1:1, v=pi/2*(-6:6), col="gray90")
lines(x, cos(x), col = 3, lty = 2)
ex.cs1 <- expression(plain(sin) * phi, paste("cos", phi))# 2 ways
utils::str(legend(-3, .9, ex.cs1, lty=1:2, plot=FALSE,
adj = c(0, .6)))# adj y !
legend(-3, .9, ex.cs1, lty=1:2, col=2:3, adj = c(0, .6))
x <- rexp(100, rate = .5)
hist(x, main = "Mean and Median of a Skewed Distribution")
abline(v = mean(x), col=2, lty=2, lwd=2)
abline(v = median(x), col=3, lty=3, lwd=2)
ex12 <- expression(bar(x) == sum(over(x[i], n), i==1, n),
hat(x) == median(x[i], i==1,n))
utils::str(legend(4.1, 30, ex12, col = 2:3, lty=2:3, lwd=2))
## 'Filled' boxes -- for more, see example(plotfactor)
op <- par(bg="white") # to get an opaque box for the legend
plot(cut(weight, 3) ~ group, data = PlantGrowth, col = NULL,
density = 16*(1:3))
par(op)
## Using 'ncol' :
x <- 0:64/64
matplot(x, outer(x, 1:7, function(x, k) sin(k * pi * x)),
type = "o", col = 1:7, ylim = c(-1, 1.5), pch = "*")
op <- par(bg="antiquewhite1")
legend(0, 1.5, paste("sin(", 1:7, "pi * x)"), col=1:7, lty=1:7, pch = "*",
ncol = 4, cex = 0.8)
legend(.8,1.2, paste("sin(", 1:7, "pi * x)"), col=1:7, lty=1:7,
pch = "*", cex = 0.8)
legend(0, -.1, paste("sin(", 1:4, "pi * x)"), col=1:4, lty=1:4,
ncol = 2, cex = 0.8)
legend(0, -.4, paste("sin(", 5:7, "pi * x)"), col=4:6, pch=24,
ncol = 2, cex = 1.5, lwd = 2, pt.bg = "pink", pt.cex = 1:3)
par(op)
## point covering line :
y <- sin(3*pi*x)
plot(x, y, type="l", col="blue", main = "points with bg & legend(*, pt.bg)")
points(x, y, pch=21, bg="white")
legend(.4,1, "sin(c x)", pch=21, pt.bg="white", lty=1, col = "blue")
## legends with titles at different locations
plot(x, y, type='n')
legend("bottomright", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="bottomright")
legend("bottom", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="bottom")
legend("bottomleft", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="bottomleft")
legend("left", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="left")
legend("topleft", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="topleft")
legend("top", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="top")
legend("topright", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="topright")
legend("right", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="right")
legend("center", "(x,y)", pch=1, title="center")